Introduction to Kubernetes

  • Definition of Kubernetes
  • Importance of Kubernetes in modern container orchestration
  • Overview of Kubernetes features

Kubernetes Architecture

  • Components of Kubernetes:
    • Master Node:
      • API Server
      • Scheduler
      • Controller Manager
      • etcd (Key-Value Store)
    • Worker Nodes:
      • Kubelet
      • Container Runtime (e.g., Docker)
      • Kube Proxy
  • Interaction between components in a Kubernetes cluster


Example 1: Deploying a Simple Application

  • Objective: Deploy a basic web application using Kubernetes
  • Steps:
    1. Create a Deployment YAML file
    2. Define a Pod template
    3. Specify container image and ports
    4. Apply the Deployment to the Kubernetes cluster
    5. Verify deployment status and access the application

Example 2: Scaling Applications

  • Objective: Scale an application horizontally based on demand
  • Steps:
    1. Increase the replica count in the Deployment YAML file
    2. Apply the updated configuration
    3. Monitor scaling events using Kubernetes dashboard or CLI commands (kubectl)
    4. Verify application scaling and load distribution

Example 3: Service Discovery and Load Balancing

  • Objective: Enable communication between microservices within a Kubernetes cluster
  • Steps:
    1. Define a Service YAML file to expose a Deployment internally
    2. Specify service type (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer)
    3. Apply the Service configuration
    4. Access the service using Kubernetes DNS or service IP

Example 4: Rolling Updates and Rollbacks

  • Objective: Update application versions seamlessly with rollback capabilities
  • Steps:
    1. Update the container image version in the Deployment YAML file
    2. Apply the updated Deployment configuration
    3. Monitor rolling update progress
    4. Perform rollback in case of issues using kubectl

 Example 5: Persistent Storage with Kubernetes Volumes

  • Objective: Persist data in Kubernetes applications using volumes
  • Types of volumes:
    • EmptyDir
    • HostPath
    • PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC)
  • Steps to provision and use persistent storage in Kubernetes

Example 6: Kubernetes StatefulSets

  • Objective: Manage stateful applications and ensure stable network identity
  • Differences between StatefulSets and Deployments
  • Use cases for StatefulSets: databases, message queues, stateful applications

Example 7: Kubernetes Operators

  • Objective: Extend Kubernetes functionality with custom controllers
  • Introduction to Operators for managing complex applications
  • Examples: etcd Operator, Prometheus Operator

 Example 8: Kubernetes Networking

  • Objective: Understand Kubernetes networking concepts
  • Overview of Kubernetes networking models:
    • Pod-to-Pod communication
    • Service-to-Service communication
    • Ingress controllers and load balancing

Example 9: Monitoring and Logging with Kubernetes

  • Objective: Implement monitoring and logging solutions in Kubernetes
  • Tools and frameworks:
    • Prometheus for monitoring
    • Fluentd, Elasticsearch, and Kibana (EFK stack) for logging
  • Integration with Kubernetes for observability

Example 10: CI/CD Pipelines with Kubernetes

  • Objective: Automate application deployment and updates using CI/CD pipelines
  • Tools and practices:
    • Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, or Tekton for CI/CD workflows
    • Deploying applications to Kubernetes clusters automatically

 Best Practices and Tips

  • Best practices for optimizing Kubernetes deployments:
    • Resource management and autoscaling
    • Security considerations
    • Application design for cloud-native environments

Conclusion

  • Recap of Kubernetes examples covered
  • Importance of Kubernetes in modern application deployment and management
  • Resources for further learning and exploration

Additional Resources

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